The outbreak of illegal gold mining in the Brazilian ...
· The types of gold mining in Brazil are twofold: (i) industrial mining, which are required to have a lease permit, and (ii) smallscale (seldom artisanal) mining, known as garimpos, where simplified forms of exploration, extraction, processing, and transportation are used (OECD 2016; Sousa et al. 2011). Several garimpos use heavy machinery to extract gold .